Intervention with families in risk of social exclusion

Among the most significant institutions of the social environment of the family and with whom to share functions necessarily are the education and health, yet for various reasons, for example, satisfaction of basic needs to the most disadvantaged, including Social Services also. Taken together, these institutions are part of the Social Welfare Policy in our country.

This social institution refers to a group of people who cooperate to achieve their own goals, exchanging structured actions that both institutions and individuals.

Spain has a public system of social services for the social needs and set of benefits and services of the State Administration, the Administration of the Autonomous Communities (regional) and local governments (municipal level). A schematic overview of the historical-Social Services System in Spain until the Constitution is as follows:

- Stage 1812-1890 Charity Social Welfare .- Stage Stage 1890-1963 .- Social Security 1963-1978.

Social Service Centers are the basic equipment for social care, both at the individual / family, and for the development of community programs. They carry out the programs, services and benefits specific to the primary care level or "General Services". Each municipality of over 20,000 inhabitants has a Centre of this kind.

Other facilities and services for the attention of sectors and groups with specific social problems (homelessness, drug addiction etc..) Generally called "Specialized Services" which are the 2 nd level of care.

1. CHARACTER? Appliances and families using TYPES OF SOCIAL SERVICES

Social services have evolved from a model of "charity", where the right is not social choice, but an assistance due to social instability, which was characterized as a specific action, auxiliary and not projected and not generate any right kind of support and who receives no obligation by the guarantor to a model of "social welfare" which is characterized by the right to basic needs, and which actions are aimed at the entire population, as expected and planned.

We understand therefore that social services are the instruments of social care available to society and public authorities to respond to the needs of individuals, groups or communities to obtain greater social welfare and thus achieve better quality of life, both individually and collectively.

In short we can summarize what has been said so far as Social Services, the municipal institution whose mission is to promote the integral development, social equity and improved quality of life of the population, with special attention to those situations of special need, through the harmonious and balanced development of the municipal social services, in coordination with other areas of public intervention and social initiative.

1.1. Functions and features of Social Services

Its main functions are to develop the policy areas in terms of responsibility of the City Council Social Services and that in essence are:

- ATTENTION: Listen and promoting the welfare of the family and alternative living units, with the aim of preventing and alleviating the social deficit. - INFORMATION: Advice to all citizens in their social rights and the means to enforce them .- Promotion: Promoting the welfare of children, adolescents and youth, in order to contribute to their full potential, especially in cases where there is a social risk STANDARDS: Care and promoting the welfare of older people, to regulate and facilitate the living conditions that contribute to the conservation of its fullness and social integration-Integration: Care and attention to disabled people and their social unity, to achieve their personal development and improving their quality of life, prevention of drug addiction. Prevention and elimination of any discrimination based on race, or any other condition or personal or social circumstance-AID: Assistance in social emergencies - FORECAST: Overview and analysis of other situations of need, care and support to persons other socially important reasons so require and the fight against all forms of social marginalization.

The primary function of Social Services is to respond to a series of needs that are felt as real by the people. From this function we extract the following features / requirements:

Families as Educators, when we have to intervene in the area of ​​families at social risk, we must take into account all these needs.

Referring to the last of the requirements referred to, the subsistence, we have from there are people who themselves due to various circumstances, such as, homelessness or lack of food, can not stay by themselves and need help and support of institutions such as Social Services.

On the other hand, the need for participation refers to people as citizens must exercise debiéndoles forums provide access to representation and recognition as such.

A problem in this section, not only as a matter for the need of subsistence and participation is the lack of ignorance, many families feel the need for information and accessibility, because unaware of resources and how to access them.

1.2. Families using the Social Services

Families using social services vary depending on the programs or services provided them.

As family educators, we are interested above all:

1.2.1. Families who are experiencing difficulties in relations between its members

They tend to be families served by a team of professionals who provide support through the Prevention and Intervention Services Family and haunting to be composed, in most of the time, by a psychologist, an educator and social worker.

These families tend to go as users of social services because it occurs in the family one of the following reasons:

- Abuse in the family .- Difficulties in the process of communication between parents and children .- Difficulties in relationships .- Difficulties in the educational process and / or evolutionary development of children .- Other family crisis.

Intervention with these families very often used technique known as Mediation and intervention that we will see.

1.2.2. Families in social risk

Families who have no or very difficult standardized access to both technical and material resources, so that both social integration, educational, and cultural and labor is complex, and even embarrassing on many occasions.

In this section we refer to the following families:

a) Families of Gypsy: From social services overall objective in these cases is to promote standardized processes. They are families using these services but not as usual as we will see below.

b) Families with lack of personal resources, social or economic: These families come to the Social Services and as a consequence of the lack of resources of various kinds can not develop and carry out an independent life.

The programs for these people are basically focused on social work methodology based on comprehensive and personalized attention. The focus is on itineraries of listening and monitoring, support and social inclusion.

c) Immigrant Families: Immigrant families come to Social Services for information and advice as to social resources.

The number of these families has increased considerably and we can say without any suspicion, which are currently the most frequent users. Usually problems are primarily economic immigrants and who are in legal employment status and unstable.

In the case of immigration, is being promoted from the Social Services not only provide advice and support to families, but is struggling as a primary signal, also guide professionals in the teaching of the schools due to school classroom of immigrant students, as well as the families of these children, not only from social services, but also from its own education centers, through for example, School of Parents.

For immigrant families who come to social institutions:

- Receive information and advisory services that enable them to acquire the minimum skills necessary for their development in the host society, accessing standardized resources and equal opportunities as other social sectors .- Be provided with spaces and services to be favored in terms of intercultural provision .- Report of everything related to the workplace and social and recreational activities that are accessible .- Also attending social institutions to receive the necessary information on permits residence and work visas, authorizations, exemptions, quotas, documentation, performance on issues of housing, etc..

d) Families with a "case" of drug addiction: These families social services also play an important role in that, develop actions in relation to drug addiction preventive preferably at the community level, education and others. For example, often do a lot of emphasis with regard to:

- Draft health education preventive intervention .- Projects for urban neighborhoods Camps .- .- Collaboration with programs and projects of social initiative on the addictions .- Participatory Research.

In the section of families in social risk plays a very important what we know as welcome, especially directed at immigrants and "homeless". Social Services do everything possible to get: temporary housing for these people in shelters, providing support services and complementary health and social care in cases requiring it, and so on.

1.2.3. Childhood

Families with children also can consider users of social services, as these encourage in many ways the integral development of both the child of the family, ensuring the prevention, detection and treatment of risk, through psychological, social, educational, cultural and leisure activities.

There are specific social services in this area to facilitate the integration of children and adolescents in their natural groups of living with minimal conditions sufficient to enable their personal development and social integration. These services also it aims to prevent abuse, juvenile delinquency and social exclusion, and to give adequate attention to children who are at risk or homelessness.

We note in this case, the Family Intervention Program, a pioneer in Spain. It is a measure of support for biological families of children with file protection in a situation of risk or abandonment. The aim is to enable these children to live with his family, being generally the most suitable environment for them, once you are guaranteed their security and integrity are basic and essential needs covered.

Social Services in child issue, in short, strive and struggle to promote the following:

- Detection, assessment and intervention in situations of vulnerability of children to access social benefits .- .- Attention to early childhood. Family support, through coordination of aid seats or infant education (0 to 3 years) .- Integration of social enterprise in the municipal intervention in child .- Awareness of children's rights. It attaches great importance to enhance, enliven and advance these rights to School Parents, lectures, symposia, etc..

1.2.4. Third Age

Older people are also users of social services, and programs and activities conducted or promoted through them.

Social Services are responsible for developing and coordinating preventive action, welfare, rehabilitation, educational, cultural, sporting and specific leisure for older people, such as:

- Attention .- decentralized higher socio-educational group intervention Intervention .- dependent elderly and their caregivers .- Information and awareness of citizenship.

The goals to be achieved, in general, in some areas and in others are:

- Provide a positive aging through prevention programs and personal development. - Promote the participation of older people in all walks of life, with special emphasis on the relationships between generations and promoting supportive attitudes toward this group .- To promote the retention of older people in their social environment, providing community resources that enable them to maintain adequate levels of quality of life. - Ensure older people decent housing and adapted to their needs, providing suitable residential care.

The resources are used to achieve these goals are dependent resources within the family and community (home care, telecare, day rooms, etc), community resources for prevention, leisure, culture and participation (eg, day care centers ) and residential resources (for older people with a higher level of dependence or when the attention of their families is not possible).

1.2.5. Disability

Finally, it is also remarkable group of people with disabilities, which are also users of social services as these, are responsible for developing actions to promote the integration of persons with disabilities, contribute to normal human development and social . Offer:

- Individual aid disabled access to specialized resources .- .- Service sign language interpreter .- Community Integration of Persons with Disabilities .- Information to persons with disabilities and awareness of citizenship .- To encourage the participation of people with disability.

It is common to hear that actions aimed at people with disabilities are developed under the principles of "better quality of life", "promotion of equal opportunities and accessibility" three principles to be achieved through these institutions, collaboration, in most cases, foundations or associations of disabled people.

The actions that we have listed above affect all social environments and meet the needs of people with disabilities throughout the life cycle, prevention, education, employment and social integration.

2. ATTENTION FAMILIES FROM SOCIAL SERVICES

From Social Services will cater to different groups, targeting the care provided to one direction or another depending on the case presented and the urgency of it.

2.1. Levels of care in Social Services

The social services organization that determines the use of the services and manage resources.

We can speak of two levels of care:

1. Primary Care: The first contact of citizens with social services and the place which enters the system of protection. Primary health care addresses the needs of a specific and generalizable to the entire population, being implemented in the municipalities.

Linked to this first level of attention it should name the basic social services, aimed at responding to the social needs of all citizens and groups without distinction, reaching all. Normally provided through the Centers for Social Action (CEAS) that depend on the municipalities of over 20,000 inhabitants and county councils in municipalities with smaller populations in rural areas. From these centers provide information, advice or assistance, both to access to social resources to which one has the right to offer a primary collaboration in benefit of disadvantaged groups or families in situations of social exclusion. Are public services.

2. Specialized Care: A social intervention needs more resources given the complexity of demand and attention. Requires more technical resources and refers to interventions that are geared toward rehabilitation for recovery of personal autonomy, or grants with a strong health or medical centers that require intense personal care.

As in the case of primary care have described the so-called Social Services Primary, include within the specialized care, known as specific social services, which are services organized to provide a specialized response to specific situations of particular groups , as we have discussed in section 1.2, or sectors of the population with a common needs, by their nature or complexity, require a performance and resources of this type of care. For example, such services are day care centers and residential, occupational centers, centers for the protection of children, shelters for transients, indomiciliados, etc..

Basic social services are those that derive specific attention to when those who can not pay attention directly due to the demands of the problem or case presented.

Indicate the following important features of the model of care in the Community of Madrid, roughly:

- Social services provide a single access circuit to users through the Unit of "First Warning", ensuring a smooth and effective day care. - Provides criteria for rational use of time and the distribution of tasks of the professionals from the Centers. - To systematize the methodology of intervention by means of protocols and criteria for attention. - Enables the comparison and evaluation of users access resultadosLos Administrative Unit, which performs the channeling of urgent and / or new. In both cases go to the Social Work Unit (SWU) First Care, which serves daily. The cases are not new are seen by appointment by the Social Work Unit Area (UTS - area).

- Assumption of intervention from Social Services: A family consisting of father, mother and 5 children of Roma live in a shack on the outskirts of a large city, a family that I have granted social housing.

Social services what they want first is that children (2, 4, 6, 7 and 9 years) have their basic needs. To achieve this, they are granted a home help service whereby a care assistant will go every day at his home in the hours that children need to be bathed and fed.

The interests of the Social Services and the family system coincide, however because of the way forward for Social Services there is a scattering effect, since the role of care should be exercised by parents, is held by the Services Social, given the incompetence of the family system in this case.

Social Services reflect on how competence and fitness to return to the family system and at the same time, fighting for the interest of such services are seeing satisfied. They work in a team with family and carry out activities such as teaching parents the skills necessary for the proper exercise of their functions, and consider family growth with the help and support of other social skills that help create educational, social and self-care in the family, creating a social support network more extensive than at present possess.

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